Far from being a technical issue associated good governance, the problem of land grabbing by transnational corporation and states is a serious threat for the food security of millions of africans and is undoubtedly one of the great challenges of our. The scale and impact of land grabbing for agrofuels. Land grabbing in tanzania is best understood and analyzed as both a symptom of and contributor towards wider political economic processes of change occurring in tanzania. The notion of land acquisitions refers most frequently to private entities that gain control over. Current land tenure frameworks, issues and conflicts in the country have historical roots dating back to the precolonial period. Mr luena had been a critic of alleged state sponsored landgrabbing. The government prepared tanzanias first national land policy in 1995, which. A definition of land grabbing is suggested along with the reasons for the recent surge in land grabbing due to the financial crisis and the boom in agrofuels. The outcome of a collaboration between iied, fao and ifad, the report discusses key trends and drivers in land acquisitions, the contractual arrangements underpinning them and the way these are negotiated, and the early impacts on land access for rural people in recipient countries. This is tnis second draft of our popular primer on land grabbing. Pdf land grabbing and agricultural commercialization. Land grabbing and land conflicts in tanzania continued to be related to the expansion of national parks.
Pdf land grabbing and agricultural commercialization duality. December 18, 2014 photo by greg westfall in kenya and tanzania, a number of cases are pending in court for indigenous maasai pastoralist communities pressing charges the illegal appropriation of. Land grabbing is the contentious issue of largescale land acquisitions. From land grabbing to sustainable investments in land. In the 2000s, africa became a grabbers hotspot, following global concerns over. The law recognises private ownership, whether by individuals, families or communities, and the state cannot take away any land, without paying full compensation. The land act an act to provide for the basic law in relation to land other than the village land, the management of land, settlement of disputes and related matters. Land grabbing in kenya and mozambique fian international. Case study of the roles of elites in land deals and commoditization in north west region.
In march 2015, the eu parliament adopted a resolution condemning the practice of land grabbing taking place in the loliondo region of tanzania, highlighting that indigenous peoples are particularly vulnerable to such practice. The literatures on land access and land grabbing claim that neoliberal reforms dating back to the 1990s are being imposed on developing countries by international level donors and financial institutions, and that these paved the way for land. Largescale land acquisitions have increased in pace and scale due to changes in commodity markets, agricultural investment strategies, land prices, and other policy and market forces. Finlands dfi, finnfund has seven investments in the forestry sector, three of which involve possible land grabs two in uganda and one in tanzania. Companies have been accused of providing misleading information to local farmers, of obtaining land from fraudulent community land owners and of. Women, land and justice in tanzania book description. Recent decades have seen a wave of land law reforms across africa, in the context of a land rush and landgrabbing. Socalled land grabbing see box 1 has spread in countries with relatively weak governance and. The bugala farmers association has called on the united nations development program undp to sever its ties with bidco africa, a kenyabased edible oil producer accused of landgrabbing, human rights violations and environmental disasters in uganda, kenya and. Over the past several years, grain staff and allies in different regions have been tracking media and other information sources on a daily basis and posting reports on land grab. Their effect on food security is to reduce humans ability to cope with the uncertainties of global climate change. For example, it shows that almost nine percent of africas total area of arable land has changed owners since 2000. Following the tanzania national land policy in 1995, which set out the fundamental principles of land management, tanzania enacted the land act no.
Global demands on agricultural land are increasing due to population growth, dietary changes and the use of biofuels. Watertown safari company accused of exploitation the. This book provides a critical appraisal of the growing phenomenon of land grabbing in africa. Rural communities in the bagamoyo district of tanzania are opposing a muchlauded sugar cane plantation project planned by ecoenergy, a swedishowned company that has secured a lease of over 20,000 hectares of land for the next 99 years and which is about to push smallholder producers off their land. Grain are european taxpayers funding land grabs and. Paper presented at the international conference on global land grabbing, institute of development studies, university of sussex, brighton, uk. Since 2005 land grabbing issues have returned to prominence in. Eight years after releasing its first report on land grabbing, which put the issue on the international agenda, grain publishes a new dataset documenting nearly 500 cases of land grabbing around the world. Like many of its neighbors, tanzania is experiencing a welldocumented surge of land grabbing related to investments in industries such as agriculture, biofuels, tourism, hunting, and forestry. Curbing tanzanias land grabbing race inter press service.
Types of land use conflicts clashes between pastoralists. Land grabbing and political transformation in tanzania. This description is connected to the global financial crisis that occurred in 2008. Land grabs in loliondo, tanzania affecting the maasai. In its introductory part the report puts these case studies in the context of land grabbing. The largest land acquisitions are concentrated in countries. More broadly, land grabbing can be considered the power to control a large quantity of land and resources 16. The decision follows both local and international criticism that major investors are grabbing large chunks of land here, often displacing smallscale farmers and local. In light of the 2008 food crisis, to secure reliable future access to sufficient agricultural land, many nations and corporations have begun. Mozambique and tanzania funded through iieds multidonor framework.
Tanzanias land laws are among the somehow progressive in africa because they. Acquisition of land by foreigners in tanzania lexology. Largescale foreign land acquisition often referred to as land grabbing is a highly contentious issue for many governments in the global south. Although the company has conducted consultations with. The maasai people of tanzania have been subjected to repeated instances of land grabbing by the tanzanian government for many years. Agrarian policies and rural transformation in southern africa. If you want a village land you have to get first of all the consent of the villages and then go another step, make a transfer from village land to general land. Land grabbing, local contestation, and the struggle for. Allegations of land grabbing and violent conflict over land ownership is on the rise in tanzania, rashid salim rashid, one of the lawyers representing the village councils, said in an email. Rural communities in the bagamoyo district of tanzania are opposing a muchlauded sugar cane plantation project planned by ecoenergy, a swedishowned company that has secured a lease of over 20,000 although the company has conducted consultations with affected villagers, the research conducted by actionaid found that the majority have not been.
Ugandan land law is one of the best in africa at protecting peoples rights. How the world is paving the way for corporate land grabs. Five alarming land grabbing cases iwgia international. Access to land in subsaharan africa is changing, but the literature on land is struggling to conceptualise how.
Sagcot southern agricultural growth corridor of tanzania. The periods of german and british rule were also formative in establishing current land sector rules and challenges, as has been the postindependence period. Conservation and land grabbing in tanzania future agricultures. Tanzania needs a revolution in its agriculture but all the pieces needed, such as land tenure for smallholders, are not yet there, says concerns country director, james davey. The tanzanian government this week announced a new conservation area on maasai lands, which community leader samwel nangiria says will spell the end of the maasai and the serengeti ecosystem the maasai have been bitterly opposed to the grabbing of their village lands in loliondo division by the government and have sworn to fight to keep their land. Land has played a critical role in tanzanias development. Tanzania land portal securing land rights through open. In 2017, protests continued against the invasion of rangelands in west kilimanjaro by the tanzania national parks authority, which in 2016 left maasai without their entire territory of 5,500 acres, upon which they and their livestock depend. But this will need governments to truly care for their citizens.
Enacted by the parliament of the united republic of tanzania. Pdf largescale land acquisitions are widespread in africa. Recently, formalization has been put forward as a mechanism to. Rapid population growth and rising investment in commercial agriculture had increased land scarcity and created the potential for violent conflict in parts of the country.
Of southern and eastern africa renewable energy zones searezs. Download the pdf file risks in the land act as regards. Diis publications can be downloaded free of charge from. Continued land grabbing from the maasai of kenya and tanzania. Most recently, the maasai of loliondo in the ngorongoro district have resisted the appropriation of land from the maasai villagecontrolled land for the establishment of a wildlife corridor. Local protest in tanzania, madagascar and ghana there have been protests following land grabs by foreign companies. In the wake of the flurry for land grabs in tanzania, it sought to examine the extent to which both foreign and local capitalist companies have been allocated land for agricultural production. It is possible that this phenomenon of land grabbing need not become as much a scourge to africa as blood diamonds, oil and other mineral resources. While used broadly throughout history, land grabbing as used in the 21st century primarily refers to largescale land acquisitions following the 200708 world food price crisis. Institute of resource assessment, university of dar es salaam. Dar es salaam, dec 19 2012 ips from january 20, tanzania will start restricting the size of land that single largescale foreign and local investors can lease for agricultural use. Odusola over the past decade, largescale land acquisition in africa has become quite intense, especially in drc, ethiopia, madagascar, mozambique, sudan, tanzania and zambia.
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