Article information, pdf download for school refusal assessment. School refusal in children and adolescents american family. In the light of considerable gaps in the literature, identified at that time, and growing international interest, the current paper sought to identify progress subsequently made this. Be sure that a complete physical examination has been conducted to eliminate any organic cause for. The school refusal assessment scale revised was developed to measure the relative strength of these functional conditions for a particular case srasr. Separate child and parent versions were developed, and items are rated on a 7point likerttype scale from never 0 to always 6. School refusal is not truancy, but both are serious behavioural problems that can have detrimental consequences. Stateoftheart assessment and treatment of school refusal are detailed in this comprehensive new resource. This functional model can help clinicians weigh multiple symptoms and, ultimately, generate a clear focus on the factors that are maintaining the. The scale identifies maintaining variables of school refusal behavior, including dimensions of negative and positive reinforcement.
Some children feel badly at school, some have trouble with other people, some just want to be with their family, and others like to do things that are more fun outside of school. Authored by three internationally respected scholars and clinicians, the guide is written from a clinical behavioral perspective and provides practical help for professionals responsible for the management of schoolrefusing children. Recent studies indicate problems with the wording of eight items added to the sras to form the srasr. Identifying the function of school refusal behavior. The school refusal assessment scalerevised srasr is a selfreport measure designed to assess four functional factors of school refusal behavior. The school refusal assessment scalerevised srasr is an instrument designed to evaluate the relative strength of four functional conditions of school refusal behavior in youth. The current study used confirmatory factor analysis techniques to investigate the construct validity of the child version of the school refusal assessment scale revised srasr in a community sample of low socioeconomic status, urban, african american fifth and sixth graders n 174. Previously referred to as school phobia, school refusal includes kindergarten students with relatively mild.
The present study investigated administrations of the. School refusal can have a negative impact on multiple areas of functioning. Functional profiles of school refusal behavior and their. About 2 per cent of all school aged children experience school refusal. Please select the answer that best fits the following questions. Provide additional information about childs general functioning at home and school not diagnostic themselves. School refusal anxiety, avoidance andor refusal to attend school can have significant short and longterm effects on social, emotional and educational development for adolescents. How to score the school refusal assessment scale pdf download. Although previous work has shown the scales child and parent versions to show good reliability, verification of the srasr factor structure remains necessary. One method for quickly assessing the role of these functions is the school refusal assessment scalerevised. The school refusal assessment scale sras was developed to identify four factors that might maintain a youths school attendance problem sap, and thus be targeted for treatment.
The results revealed that the proposed model in this study, with a. Descriptive functional assessment of school refusal behavior. School refusal assessment scale table 6, online23 includes a child, parent, and teacher form and examines school refusal in correlation to negative and positive rein. The school refusal assessment scalerevised srasr, developed by christopher kearney and wendy silverman, is a psychological assessment tool designed to evaluate school refusal disorder symptoms in children and identify their reasons for avoiding school. Pdf measuring the function of school refusal behavior. The school refusal assessment scale revised srasr is one of the widely accepted checklists used internationally to assess the functional model of school refusal behaviour, such as positive and negative reinforcements 22. A revision of the school refusal assessment scale srasr, a measure designed to help clinicians identify the primary. The school refusal assessment scalerevised wikipedia. Current status of research on school refusal sciencedirect. School refusal assessment scale revised c children sometimes have di. Assessment of school refusal 22 assessment of school refusal cont 23 psychological assessment tools. Oct 15, 2003 the school refusal assessment scale table 6, online 23 includes a child, parent, and teacher form and examines school refusal in correlation to negative and positive reinforcers. Latent class analysis revealed three school refusal profiles. General resources not fine in school school refusal.
This selfreport inventory, which is also available in parent response form, consists of. The school refusal assessment scalerevised srasr, developed by christopher kearney and wendy silverman, is a psychological assessment tool. School refusal is a more serious condition than separation anxiety. The school refusal assessment scale sras is one assessment instrument with demonstrated reliability and validity. The school refusal assessment scale identifies four functional causes. The present study, using shelf data, described a quantitative research project. The aim of this study was to analyze the factorial invariance and latent means differences of the spanish version of the school refusal assessment scale revised for children srasrc in a sample. School refusal occurs when a student will not go to school or frequently experiences severe distress related to school attendance. The functional assessment of school refusal behavior. There is still limited support for the 4factor model inherent to the sras and its revision. Versions are available for children and parents, who complete their respective scales separately see related resources. Although previous work has shown the scale s child and parent versions to show good reliability, verification of the srasr factor structure remains necessary. Comprehensive treatment of school refusal, including psychiatric and medical evaluation when appropriate, is important since studies show that psychiatric disorders are the cause for a large percentage of students who fail to complete high school in the united states.
School refusal assessment scalerevised oxford clinical. Functional assessment of school attendance problems. How often does your child have bad feelings about going to school because heshe is afraid of something related to school for example, tests, school bus, teacher. The problem is pervasive and exacts a heavy toll on students, families and schools if left unaddressed. Psychosocial interventions for school refusal behavior in.
Child, teacher, and parent versions investigate a number of variables. In the light of considerable gaps in the literature, identified at that time, and growing international interest, the current paper sought to identify progress subsequently made this century. The school refusal assessment scale is designed to help you better understand, manage, and treat your childs school refusal symptoms. As it is a difficult problem to manage, school refusal creates stress for parents and school teachers. Boys and girls are equally affected by school refusal behaviour. In school refusal behavior in youth, christopher kearney discusses both the historical context and common strategies for treating the problem, offering a cuttingedge, empirically based approach. How often does your child have bad feelings about school for example, scared, nervous, or sad when heshe thinks about school on saturday and sunday. Confirmatory factor analysis of the school refusal. Factorial invariance and latent means differences across gender and age in spanish children. The school refusal assessment scale sras was developed to identify four factors that might maintain a youths school attendance problem sap and thus be targeted in treatment. The school refusal assessment scalerevised srasr is a selfreport.
School refusal when children completely refuse to go to school, extreme fear and anxiety often a big reason why. School refusal assessment scalerevised chilean version. School refusal assessment scalerevised p oxford clinical. Information for educators by mary wimmer, phd, west alliswest milwaukee school district, wi each year, approximately 25% of children refuse to come to school due to anxiety or depression. The scale identifies maintaining variables of school refusal behavior, including dimensions of. This is why school refusal is also known as school phobia. A preliminary analysis of a functional model of assessment and treatment for school refusal behavior. Confirmatory factor analysis of the school refusal assessment. How often does your child have bad feelings about going to school because heshe is afraid of something related to school for example. Management of school refusal involves ruling out organic causes and assessing contributing factors, such as anxiety and depression. Authored by three internationally respected scholars and clinicians, the guide is written from a clinical behavioral perspective and provides practical help for professionals responsible for the management of school refusing children.
Solutions to school refusal for parents and kids mdedge. Confirmatory factor analysis of the school refusal assessment scale revised. The instrument school refusal assessment scale revised srasr. Kearney, 2002 is the only measurement tool specifically designed for the assessment of children and adolescents who are experiencing srb. Total scores may be computed by adding the scores of each of four functions on both the parent and child versions. Nov 22, 2009 the school refusal assessment scale revised srasr. Your child might be feeling overwhelmed with anxiety about schoolwork, relationships with friends or teachers. The school refusal assessment scale revised srasr, developed by christopher kearney and wendy silverman, is a psychological assessment tool designed to evaluate school refusal disorder symptoms in children and identify their reasons for avoiding school. Fear or a specific phobia about something at school only accounts for a small percent of youth refusing school. Treating these issues requires a collaborative approach that includes the student, school staff, parents and. School refusal in children and adolescents american.
School refusal assessment scalerevised c children sometimes have di. This selfreport inventory, which is also available in parent response form, consists of 24 questions that measure the frequency with which. Results indicated child and parent versions of the scale to be reliable across time and. School refusal peaks at several points of development, including with entry into kindergarten, between ages 79, and again with entry into middle or high school. Addressed deficiencies of traditional classification approaches to school refusal behavior through the development of the school refusal assessment scale sras. The sample consisted of 1582 ecuadorian adolescents aged 1218 years m 14. Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment, 24. There are associated guides for therapists and families using cognitivebehavioral methods to address problem areas mental health referral can be invaluable. The school refusal assessment scalerevised was developed to measure the relative strength of these functional conditions for a particular case srasr. Parent and child function scores are then summed and divided by 2 to determine the mean function score.
Empirical treatment involves a collaborative approach of cognitive and behavioural therapies involving the child, parents, and school. Confirmatory factor analysis of the school refusal assessment scalerevised. School refusal behaviour refers to a students refusal to attend school or difficulty remaining in classes for an entire day. The more time the child is away from school, the more difficult it is for the child to resume normal school life. Sras the initial version of the school refusal assessment scale consisted of 16 items, 4 for each functional condition mentioned earlier. Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment, 24, 235245. Examine ratings from versions of the school refusal assessment scale the first recommended step toward understanding the functional profile of a particular child with school refusal behavior is to examine ratings from child and parent versions of the school refusal assessment scale revised edition. The following scales were considered specific measures to assess school refusal behavior. One method for quickly assessing the role of these functions is the school refusal assessment scale revised. The program offered a comprehensive assessment and treatment of young people aged between 11 and 16. The results revealed that the proposed model in this study, with a structure of 18 items divided into four factors negative. School refusal program clinical sciences at monash health.
These function scores are each divided by 6 the number of scores in each set. School refusal assessment scale child pdf download. School refusal is a behaviour that can be associated with a range of family and school factors accompanied by anxiety, sadness or depression, physical symptoms and social isolation. Kearney, 2002a assesses school refusal behavior based on the functional model.
937 1537 991 1239 388 862 402 1284 660 1193 798 383 1460 435 259 1410 465 1194 611 1478 108 555 367 814 18 1305 320 1127 167 127 180 159 129 1465 802 1134 921 1252 581 1228 1478